The verb "to be"
Present forms
Section titled “Present forms”| Who | Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| main | hoon | Main theek hoon. | I am fine. |
| tum | ho | Tum ghar par ho. | You are at home. |
| aap | hain | Aap kaise hain? | How are you? |
| yeh, woh, tu | hai | Woh mera dost hai. | He is my friend. |
| hum | hain | Hum dost hain. | We are friends. |
| plural (they) | hain | Woh log ghar par hain. | They are at home. |
| a respected person | hain | Papa office mein hain. | Father is in the office. |
Hindi has no separate “he” and “she” in speech. Woh means he, she or that; the sentence or situation shows which.
Saying “not”
Section titled “Saying “not””Put nahin just before the verb:
| Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Main bhookha nahin hoon. | I am not hungry. |
| Woh ghar par nahin hai. | He/She is not at home. |
| Hum dost nahin hain. | We are not friends. |
Asking a yes or no question
Section titled “Asking a yes or no question”Start with Kya, or keep the same words and raise your voice at the end.
| Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Kya aap ghar par hain? | Are you at home? |
| Tum ghar par ho? | Are you at home? (casual) |
Answers: Haan, main ghar par hoon. (Yes, I am at home.) or Nahin, main office mein hoon. (No, I am in the office.)
What “to be” is not used for
Section titled “What “to be” is not used for”Feelings like hunger and thirst usually use lagna (to strike), not “to be”: Mujhe bhookh lagi hai (I am hungry). Owning things uses paas: Mere paas do kitaabein hain (I have two books).
“இருக்கிறேன் / இருக்கிறாய் / இருக்கிறது / இருக்கிறீர்கள்” என்பவை இந்தியில்: main hoon, tum ho, yeh/woh hai, aap/hum hain. மரியாதைக்குரிய ஒருவரைப் பற்றிப் பேசும்போது ஒருமையிலும் hain பயன்படுத்துங்கள். “இல்லை” என்பதற்கு வினைக்கு முன் nahin சேர்க்கவும்: Main bhookha nahin hoon. ஆம்/இல்லை கேள்விக்கு Kya என்று தொடங்கலாம் அல்லது குரலை உயர்த்தலாம்.