Aap, tum and tu: speaking politely
What you will learn
- Choose between aap, tum and tu
- Use the matching verb form for each
- Make polite requests with -iye
- Use "ji" to show respect
English explanation
Section titled “English explanation”Hindi has three words for “you”. Choosing the right one matters more than in English.
| Word | Use with | Verb “to be” |
|---|---|---|
| aap | elders, strangers, teachers, anyone you respect | hain |
| tum | friends, people your age, younger people | ho |
| tu | very close friends, children, or to be rude | hai |
If you are unsure, use aap. Nobody is offended by too much respect.
Requests change with the “you” word. To a respected person: baithiye (please sit). To a friend: baitho. To a very close person: baith. The ending -iye is the polite ending and you will hear it everywhere.
Add ji after a name for respect: Sharma ji. Say Haan ji or Nahin ji for a polite yes or no.
இந்தியில் “நீ / நீங்கள்” என்பதற்கு மூன்று சொற்கள் உள்ளன. aap என்பது “நீங்கள்”: பெரியவர்கள், புதியவர்கள் ஆகியோரிடம். tum என்பது நண்பர்கள், சம வயதினரிடம். tu என்பது மிக நெருங்கியவர்களிடம் மட்டும்; தவறான இடத்தில் சொன்னால் அவமரியாதையாகும். சந்தேகம் இருந்தால் aap என்றே சொல்லுங்கள். கட்டளைகளும் மாறும்: baithiye (உட்காருங்கள்), baitho (உட்காரு), baith (உட்கார்). பெயருக்குப் பின் ji சேர்த்தால் மரியாதை.
Vocabulary
| Hindi | Say it | English | Tamil | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aap | AAP | you (respectful) | நீங்கள் | |
| tum | TUM | you (friendly, equal or younger) | நீ (நட்பாக) | |
| tu | TOO | you (very close, or rude) | நீ (மிக நெருக்கம் / அலட்சியம்) | |
| ji | JEE | respect word added after names or yes/no | மரியாதைச் சொல் (ஜி) | |
| haan | HAAN | yes | ஆம் | |
| nahin | na-HEEN | no; not | இல்லை | |
| beti | BE-tee | daughter; also a kind way elders call a young girl | மகளே, மகள் |
Example sentences
Real-life dialogue
Meeting a friend's father
Exercises
Ask your teacher (a woman) where she lives.
Show answer
Aap kahaan rehti hain?
Ask a friend (a man) where he lives.
Show answer
Tum kahaan rehte ho?
Politely tell a guest to sit down.
Show answer
Aap baithiye.
Quiz
Quick quiz
1. Which 'you' do you use for your friend's grandmother?
2. Which verb form goes with aap?
3. Which 'you' is only for very close friends?
4. Which means 'Please sit down' to an elder?
Lesson summary
- Aap is respectful. Tum is friendly. Tu is only for very close people.
- Aap goes with hain, tum goes with ho, tu goes with hai.
- Requests change too: baithiye (aap), baitho (tum), baith (tu).
- Add ji after a name or after haan/nahin to show respect.